Complexity reduction of astrochemical networks

We present a new computational scheme aimed at reducing the complexity of the chemical networks in astrophysical models, one which is shown to markedly improve their computational efficiency. It contains a flux-reduction scheme that permits to deal with both large and small systems. This procedure is shown to yield a large speed-up of the corresponding numerical codes and provides good accord with the full network results. We analyse and discuss two examples involving chemistry networks of the interstellar medium and show that the results from the present reduction technique reproduce very well the results from fuller calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journa

Generation and remote detection of THz sound using semiconductor superlattices

The authors introduce a novel approach to study the propagation of high frequency acoustic phonons in which the generation and detection involves two spatially separated superlattices $\sim 1 {\rm \mu m}$ apart. Propagating modes of frequencies up to $\sim 1 {\rm THz}$ escape from the superlattice where they are generated and reach the second superlattice where they are detected. The measured frequency spectrum reveals finite size effects, which can be accounted for by a continuum elastic model.Comment: Submitted to Applied Physics Letter

Bilateral carotico-clinoid foramen and inter-clinoid bars

The carotico-clinoid foramen is the result of ossification either of the carotico-clinoid ligament or of a dural fold extending between the anterior and middle clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone. It is anatomically important due to its relations with the cavernous sinus and its content, sphenoid sinus and pituitary gland. In this study the presence of carotico–clinoid foramen and inter-clinoid bars has been studied on 25dry skulls. In 25 dry skulls, authors have reported one skull, in which, a bilateral: foramen clinoideo caroticum and interclinoid bars are seen as a consequence of fusion of anterior, middle and posterior clinoid processes.The existence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may cause compression, tightening or stretching of the internal carotid artery. Further, removing the anterior clinoid process is an important step in regional surgery; the presence of a bony carotico-clinoid foramen may have high risk. Therefore, detailed knowledge of the type of ossification between the anterior and middle clinoid processes can be necessary to increase the success of regional surgery

“To Know the Score” - A Critical Analysis on the Shift of Workplace Culture Created by the Pandemic and Its Influence on Conflict Management and Employee Morale in Corporates in South India

The pandemic has made organisations abandon the fundamental working premises and has drastically altered the work culture affecting significant shifts in the workplace and subsequently influencing a redesigning of the organisational culture, conflict resolutions and management. The paper explores and critically examines the work conditions viewed from within the context of the global pandemic and discusses the relationship between the employees’ morale and the conflict crisis in manufacturing companies in South India with specific elaborations on the meaning of conflict management, workers’ morale, causes and effects of the shift in the workplace and conflict resolution. With specific reference to corporate organisations in Chennai and Bengaluru, the study analyses through a qualitative methodology how organisations get ravaged by one form of conflict or the other ranging from intrapersonal and group conflict, intra-organisational cultural conflict, constructive or functional conflict, dysfunctional or destructive conflicts. The survey indicated that conflicts occur in organisations as a result of incompatible goals, different values and beliefs, inconsistent evaluation, communication problems, negative power politics, authority, lack of leadership style, scarcity of common resources and organisational demands. It was also found that if conflicts are not appropriately and promptly managed, it can lead to truncated or reduced workers’ morale. The discussion leads to findings which indicate that the workplace as we know it is forever changed by the lockdowns owing to the pandemic. Management and leadership of organisations should begin to take steps to consider redesigning the workplace to readdress the working conditions with innovation and aim to develop better co-relationship between organisations and employees within the virtual platform.  What are the ways in which employees’ morale can be positively uplifted during an organisational conflict on a virtual working mode? How do innovative digital operations improve the standard of an organisation? What may be the conflict resolutions that can bring about a positive shift in the workplace for the future owing to the phenomenal disruption caused by the Pandemic?  These and other related questions will be raised and addressed in the course of the discussion. The study was initially intended for working employees as the target readership. The scope of this research may further be extended and can prove to be beneficial for further research on Human Resource and Management Studies. Keywords: Workplace Culture, Conflict Management, Employee Morale, Pandemi

Seasonal Temperature Forecasts as Products of Antecedent Linear and Spatial Temperature Arrays

Our objective is to evaluate the potential for extracting the maximum information contained in antecedent temperature patterns that operationally could be used in formulating winter seasonal forecasts in the United States. In particular, examination of the predictability of winter temperatures given autumn temperatures is made using derived contingency tables, discriminant equations of antecedent principal components, and canonical correlation analysis. Contingency tables were constructed based on tercile classifications of a seventy-five-year dependent record (1895-1969). Testing of an independent data period (1970-78) using these tables produced winter forecasts with no appreciable skill in the aggregate (-0.04). Discriminant analysis derived linear combinations of the five principal components of the antecedent seasonal (autumn) temperatures to distinguish between specific terciles of the predictand season (winter). Despite encouraging results for the dependent period, forecast skill for the independent test period achieved no significant score (-0.04). Unfortunately, both of these forms of analysis suffer imposed spatial limitations which restrict the scope of our investigation. Canonical correlation analysis is capable of relating the total spatial variance of fall temperatures to that of the winter temperatures for the entire United States. In this study, the technique was used to isolate seasonal patterns in winter temperature data that are correlated in time with fall temperature patterns for the same region. Summation of the first 20 canonical variate pairs suggests that autumn and winter temperatures over the continental United States are not closely related to one another

T-PHOT version 2.0: improved algorithms for background subtraction, local convolution, kernel registration, and new options

We present the new release v2.0 of T-PHOT, a publicly available software package developed to perform PSF-matched, prior-based, multiwavelength deconfusion photometry of extragalactic fields. New features included in the code are presented and discussed: background estimation, fitting using position dependent kernels, flux prioring, diagnostical statistics on the residual image, exclusion of selected sources from the model and residual images, individual registration of fitted objects. These new options improve on the performance of the code, allowing for more accurate results and providing useful aids for diagnostics.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Phonon Universal Transmission Fluctuations and Localization in Semiconductor Superlattices with a Controlled Degree of Order

We study both analytically and numerically phonon transmission fluctuations and localization in partially ordered superlattices with correlations among neighboring layers. In order to generate a sequence of layers with a varying degree of order we employ a model proposed by Hendricks and Teller as well as partially ordered versions of deterministic aperiodic superlattices. By changing a parameter measuring the correlation among adjacent layers, the Hendricks- Teller superlattice exhibits a transition from periodic ordering, with alterna- ting layers, to the phase separated opposite limit; including many intermediate arrangements and the completely random case. In the partially ordered versions of deterministic superlattices, there is short-range order (among any $N$ conse- cutive layers) and long range disorder, as in the N-state Markov chains. The average and fluctuations in the transmission, the backscattering rate, and the localization length in these multilayered systems are calculated based on the superlattice structure factors we derive analytically. The standard deviation of the transmission versus the average transmission lies on a {\it universal\/} curve irrespective of the specific type of disorder of the SL. We illustrate these general results by applying them to several GaAs-AlAs superlattices for the proposed experimental observation of phonon universal transmission fluctuations.Comment: 16-pages, Revte

A review on immune checkpoint blockage therapy

Activating the immune system to eliminate cancer cells and produce clinically relevant response has been a long standing goal of cancer research. Most promising therapeutic approaches of activating antitumor immunity include immune checkpoint inhibitors. Our immune system protect us from disease, killing bacteria and virus. One main type of immune cell called T-cells. T-cells have protein that turn it off. These are called checkpoint. Immune checkpoint are accessory molecules that either promote or inhibit T-cell activation. Checkpoint inhibitor are a type of immunotherapy. They block protein that stops the immune system from attacking the cancer cells. Checkpoint inhibitor are a type of monoclonal antibody or targeted treatment. Immune system cells, such as T-cells and Antigen presenting cells (APCs), defend and protect the body. Immune system play an important role in controlling and eradicating cancer. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated protein 4(CTLA-4) and Programmed cell dealth protein (PD-1) are checkpoint protein which is the negative regulation of T-cell immune function. Inhibition of the target, results in increased activation of immune system